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George Hariman,DC - Profession BuilderBy Joseph Keating Jr., PhD George E. Hariman was born on the Isle of Mitylene in Greece on 23 January 1893 (Rehm, 1980, p. 290). At the age of 16, he arrived in Chicago. He began night school classes in English and enrolled at the National School of Chiropractic (NSC). He was very much impressed with his experience at the Cook County (Illinois) Hospital (Gibbons, 1983). John Howard,DC, founder and first president of the NSC, was still in the saddle when Hariman graduated in 1914, but the young chiropractor was undoubtedly also influenced by William Schulze,MD,DC (Keating & Rehm, 1995 a&b), then an instructor at the NSC and later its second president (1919-1936). Hariman established his first practice in Chicago (1914-1919), but subsequently took over a small chiropractic hospital in River Park, North Dakota for a brief period.
In addition to manipulative treatments, the institution also provided physiological therapeutics, including "short and ultra-shortwave diathermy; deep therapy; sinusoidal and galvanic currents; ultraviolet ray and colonic irrigation for thorough cleansing" (from a pamphlet of the Hariman Sanatorium). Lab analyses and round-the-clock nursing care were also provided, and the hospital reputedly expanded to 60 beds (Gibbons, 1983). It proudly advertised: The progress of the Hariman Sanatorium through more than a quarter century is because of the hundreds who have received benefit from services rendered. Many cases came only 'as a last trial' after repeated efforts, failures, and discouraging verdicts. "Heart disease, liver and gall bladder disorders, ulcers of the stomach, fallen bowels, chronic indigestion, constipation, rheumatism, neuritis, neuralgia, sinus trouble, hemorrhoids, tonsils, paralysis, high blood pressure, asthma, pleurisy, bronchitis, flu, eczema, ulcers of the eye, running ears, and other diseases have been successfully treated here... 
Board members and officers of the NCA gathered at Port Perry Ontario in 1946 to dedicate the memorial to DD Palmer. (From left): Drs. Frank Logic; F. Lorne Wheaton; John Nugent; Loren Rogers; Floyd Cregger; Gordon Goodfellow; George Hariman; and Emmett Murphy Hariman's efforts on behalf of chiropractic hospitals and sanitaria continued throughout his career, and he always believed in the importance of hospital training for chiropractors. He was a founding member in 1934 (Gibbons, 1983) and officer of the National Chiropractic Association's (NCA's) Council on Hospitals and Sanitaria, and was responsible for passage of the first state law to regulate chiropractic in-patient facilities in 1947 (Hariman, 1970, p. 33-4). By this time, Dr. Hariman was already accomplished in legislative and professional affairs. He is credited with preparing North Dakota's chiropractic act of 1933, which authorized the use of physiotherapeutics by chiropractors. By this time he was also serving as editor of the Bulletin of the North Dakota Chiropractic Association, a post he held for 46 years (Rehm, 1980, p. 290). He also served several terms as president of his state society, and was a member of the North Dakota Board of Chiropractic Examiners for five years. Dr. Hariman was a leader in several defeats of basic science legislation in North Dakota, but was also an activist in the NCA's campaign to raise educational standards throughout the profession. The minutes for the NCA Council on Education's meeting in Atlantic City during 4-8 July 1955, reflect his commitment to the NCA's crusade: Dr. George Hariman, president of the North Dakota Board, maintained that the two year pre-professional college requirement had served to eliminate not only the poorer students, but would also help to eliminate the poorer schools." (Minutes, 1955) Indeed, it was in the arena of national professional activities that this forever optimistic Greek-American made some of his most important contributions. Dr. Hariman was first elected state delegate for North Dakota to the NCA's House of Delegates in the early 1930s, and contributed repeatedly to the NCA's journal (see Table 1). In 1943, he succeeded to the seat previously held by C.O. Watkins,DC, on the NCA's Board of Directors, and was elected chairman of the board for 1946-47. Dr. Hariman continued on the NCA's executive board through 1951, but along the way he picked up a variety of additional responsibilities. He enthusiastically promoted the formation of a student loan fund by the NCA leadership. On 26 July 1944, Hariman was one of the co-incorporators (see Table 2 on page 36) and served on the first board of trustees of the Chiropractic Research Foundation (CRF), forerunner of today's Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research (FCER). Two years later, as a member of NCA's Board of Directors, he was also a co-founder and officer of the National Chiropractic Insurance Company (NCIC), predecessor of today's NCMIC.
Chiropractors' view of basic science legislation, as depicted in the NCA's Chiropractic Journal in 1936. Table 1: Several papers authored by George Hariman,DC.
Table 2: Founders of the Chiropractic Research Foundation (today's FCER) in 1944 (Schierholz, 1986).
The chartered purposes of the research agency included:
The NCIC's charter specifically mandated that policyholders waive "all claims for dividends" (Articles, 1946), and although not specifically stated in the mutual insurer's articles of incorporation, the intention of this legal stipulation was to allow the company's surplus funds to be directed to philanthropy, especially upgrades in NCA-accredited chiropractic college facilities and faculties. Hariman's affection for his alma mater and his close personal relationships with many of the presidents of chiropractic schools are attested to in surviving correspondence (e.g., Hariman, 1952; Janse, 1959; Logan, 1952) and his later writings (Hariman, 1970). In his dual capacities as a member of the governing boards of the malpractice insurer and the research organization, Hariman was in a position to tap into funds (NCIC) and redirect them to worthy projects through the NCA's philanthropic arm (CRF). This is a part of the behind-the-scenes story of chiropractic educational improvements that has yet to be told in detail. George Hariman continued his contributions to the profession he loved well into his senior years. He operated his hospital with the assistance of his wife and his son, Donald Hariman, DC, and continued to serve in-patients and outpatients throughout his lifetime (the institution closed during the summer of 1981). In the late 1960s, he turned his concern for the profession's future toward an understanding of the past: preparation of a brief history of chiropractic education in North America. Self-published during a critical period (the final push in the early 1970s for federally recognized accreditation; Keating et al., 1998), A History of the Evolution of Chiropractic Education (Hariman, 1970) was the most thorough treatise on the topic up to that time. Hariman, the self-taught scholar, drew upon many sources within the profession (he specifically named George Haynes,DC,MS, Dave Palmer,DC, Thure Peterson,DC, and Clarence Weiant,DC,PhD), as well as his own five decades as a chiropractor, to trace the paths the training enterprise had taken. It is not known to this writer how widely Hariman's booklet was distributed. Despite its brevity (44 pages), no chiropractic historian can ignore this work. In his final years, his profession bestowed a variety of honors upon this pioneer, including: fellowship in the International College of Chiropractors; a meritorious service citation from the American Chiropractic Association (ACA) in 1968; lifetime membership in the ACA in 1970; and honors from the North Dakota Chiropractic Association and the National College of Chiropractic. Appropriately recognized in his lifetime, Hariman's legacy has largely been ignored since his passing on 13 September 1977 in Grand Forks. Surely, the contributions of this accomplished profession-builder, warrant further investigation. References
Author's note: The AHC's 2001 Conference on Chiropractic History will be held at Palmer College of Chiropractic West in San Jose, California, March 30-April 1. Details about the conference can be obtained from the AHC's executive director, or by checking the AHC website at www.chirohistory.com. Joseph Keating Jr.,PhD
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